Monthly average dataset of global atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane column concentrations (dry air volume mixing ratio XCO2, XCH4) (2010-2021). The dataset is derived from the third level product of the Japanese greenhouse gas satellite "Breath" GOSAT, which is a spatially continuous product after spatiotemporal continuous reconstruction. The dataset includes four attributes: time, longitude, latitude and vertical column concentration. The spatial resolution is 2.5 ° × 2.5 °, the time resolution is month.