This data is the dataset of future construction land conversion potential of Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces in China, and the time is 2030. The data is derived from the historical construction land data from 1990 to 2019. The final urban development potential result data can be obtained by using the U-Net deep learning algorithm simulation, which can accurately capture and simulate the spatial characteristics in the prediction of future urban development and land use change.