The dataset is the monthly precipitation data of China, with a spatial resolution of 0.0083333 ° (about 1km) and a time range of 1901.1-2021.12. The data is generated in China through the Delta spatial downscaling scheme according to the global 0.5 ° climate data released by CRU and the global high-resolution climate data released by WorldClim. The data of 496 independent meteorological observation points are used for verification, and the verification results are reliable. The unit of precipitation is 0.1mm. The geospatial scope of the data set is the main land of China (excluding islands and reefs in the South China Sea). For the convenience of storage, the data are all int16 type and stored in nc (NETCDF) files. NC data can be opened for drawing with ArcMAP software; Matlab software can be used for extraction. Data author Peng Shouzhang, associate researcher, published 1 km monthly temperature and precision data set for China from 1901 to 2017 in the form of a paper in Earth System Science Data. Thesis link https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1931-2019 。