This dataset, in combination with the height observation data of laser altimetry satellite ICESat and its second generation satellite ICESat-2 growth time series, combined with the global water area data, carried out a quantitative study on the change characteristics of the water level- water volume of natural lakes above 10 km² in the world in the past two decades (2003-2020). It improved the information such as the lake water body scope, the average area over the years, the water level water volume change during the study period and the number of times observed by ICESat/ICESat-2, forming a complete and reliable spatial distribution data of water level-water volume change of the lakes over 10 km² worldwide from 2003 to 2020. It contained 1 shapefile, which was vector data.